Ukumakishwa kweLaser kuye kwaba yinzuzo ebalulekileyo yobugcisa kuphuhliso lweshishini lokubhabha
Ukusukela ekuzalweni kwezixhobo zelaser ezinamandla amakhulu ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ukuwelda kwelaser, ukusika i-laser, ukugrumba ngelaser, unyango lomphezulu we-laser, i-laser alloying, i-laser cladding, i-laser prototyping ekhawulezileyo, ukwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-laser kwezahlulo zentsimbi kunye nezicelo ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini.
I-Laser machining ingamandla, umlilo kunye nomatshini wombane emva kobuchwepheshe obutsha bokucwangcisa, inokusombulula izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa, iingxaki zobugcisa ezigqibeleleyo nezicingayo, ezinjengokwenza kunye nokucokisa okoko kwazalwa isixhobo selaser samandla aphezulu kwiminyaka engama-70, yenze ukuwelda kwelaser. , ukusika i-laser, ukuphawula i-laser, i-laser doping ezininzi zezicelo ezifana nenkqubo, xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucubungula zendabuko, ukusetyenzwa kweLaser kunogxininiso lwamandla aphezulu, kulula ukusebenza, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokunye. iingenelo ezibalaseleyo, i-automotive ekhawulezayo, i-electronics, i-aerospace, oomatshini, iinqanawa, phantse zonke iindawo zoqoqosho lwelizwe ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba "yinkqubo yokuvelisa indlela eqhelekileyo yokucubungula".
Sebenzisa le miba ilandelayo
I-1.I-teknoloji yokusika i-Laser kwintsimi ye-aerospace yesicelo
Kwishishini le-aerospace, izixhobo zokusika i-laser zezi: i-chin alloy, i-nickel alloy, i-chromium alloy, i-aluminium alloy, insimbi engenasici, isitshixo se-asidi yesilevu, iplastiki kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo.
Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ze-aerospace, igobolondo lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zetsimbi, amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, indlela yokusika eqhelekileyo kunzima ukugqiba ukusetyenzwa kwezinto, ukusika i-laser luhlobo lweendlela ezisebenzayo zokulungisa, sebenzisa i-laser cutting processing performance, i-honeycomb structure, isakhelo, amaphiko, ipleyiti yokumisa umsila, i-helicopter ehamba phambili, ibhokisi ye-injini kunye ityhubhu yomlilo, njl.
Ukusika kweLaser kusetyenziswa ngokubanzilaser imveliso eqhubekayo, kodwa kwakhona luncedo high frequency carbon dioxide pulse laser.Ukusika ubunzulu beLaser kumlinganiselo wobubanzi buphezulu, kuba non-metal, ubunzulu ukuya kububanzi bomlinganiselo unokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-100, isinyithi sinokufikelela malunga nama-20;
Ukusika kweLaserisantya siphezulu, ukusika i-chin alloy sheet ngamaxesha angama-30 malunga nendlela yomatshini, ukusika ipleyiti yensimbi ngamaxesha angama-20 malunga nendlela yomatshini;
Ukusika kweLaserumgangatho ulungile.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-oxy-acetylene kunye neendlela zokusika i-plasma, ukusika i-carbon steel kunomgangatho ophezulu.Ubushushu obuchaphazelekayo kwindawo yokusika i-laser yi-oxy-acetylene kuphela.
2.Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-laser welding kwintsimi ye-aerospace
Kwishishini le-aerospace, uninzi lwamalungu adityaniswe ngomqadi we-electron, kuba ukuwelda ngelaser akufuneki kwenziwe kwi-vacuum, i-laser welding isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-electron beam welding.
Kwangexesha elide, unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo zesakhiwo senqwelomoya kukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-riveting ngasemva, isizathu esona sizathu kukuba i-alloy ye-aluminium esetyenziswa kwisakhiwo senqwelomoya kunyango lobushushu oluqinisiweyo lwe-aluminium alloy (oko kukuthi, amandla aphezulu e-aluminium alloy), kanye nje ukudibanisa. ukuwelda, isiphumo ukomeleza unyango ubushushu ziya kulahleka, kwaye iintanda intergranular kunzima ukuphepha.
Ukwamkelwa kweteknoloji ye-laser welding iyazoyisa iingxaki ezinjalo kwaye ilula kakhulu inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-fselage yenqwelomoya, ukunciphisa ubunzima be-fuselage nge-18% kunye neendleko ngama-21.4% ~ 24.3%.Itekhnoloji yokuwelda iLaser lutshintsho lwetekhnoloji kushishino lokwenziwa kweenqwelomoya.
3.Ukusetyenziswa kwethekhnoloji yokomba i-laser kwindawo ye-aerospace
Itekhnoloji yokomba iLaser isetyenziswa kwishishini le-aerospace ukugrumba imingxuma kwiibheringi zezixhobo ze-gem, iiblade ze-iturbine ezipholiswe ngumoya, imilomo kunye neziqhumiso.Okwangoku, i-laser drilling inqunyelwe kwimingxuma yokupholisa yeendawo ezimileyo ze-injini, kuba kukho iintanda ze-microscopic kumphezulu wemingxuma.
Uphononongo lovavanyo lwe-laser beam, i-electron beam, i-electro chemistry, i-EDM yokugaya, ukugaya ngomatshini kunye nokubetha iqukunjelwa ngohlalutyo olubanzi.I-Laser drilling ineenzuzo zesiphumo esihle, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
4.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser surface technology kwi-aerospace field
I-Laser cladding yinto ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yokuguqulwa komphezulu.Kwinqwelomoya, ixabiso leenjini ze-aero-injini liphezulu, ngoko kwiimeko ezininzi kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa iindawo.
Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wamacandelo alungisiweyo kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno zokhuseleko.Umzekelo, xa umonakalo ubonakala kumphezulu wencakuba ye-propeller yenqwelo-moya, kufuneka ilungiswe ngobugcisa obuthile bonyango lomphezulu.
Ukongeza kumandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokukhathala okufunwa ngamacangci e-propeller, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion emva kokulungiswa kwendawo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa umphezulu we-3D weblade ye-injini.
5.Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokwenza i-laser kwintsimi ye-aerospace
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokwenza i-laser kuphapho kubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ethe ngqo ye-titanium alloy structural parts for aviation kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo enjini yenqwelomoya.
Itekhnoloji yokwenza iLaser ibe yenye yetekhnoloji engundoqo yokwenza iitekhnoloji enkulu ye-titanium alloy yezakhiwo zezixhobo zokhuselo lwe-aerospace kunye nezixhobo.Indlela yokuvelisa yemveli ineziphene zeendleko eziphezulu, ixesha elide lokulungiselela ukubumba ukubumba, ubuninzi bokulungiswa koomatshini kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwezinto.
